Friday, May 2, 2014

The Twenty Fourth Amendment

"Section 1.
The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors or President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.
Section 2.
The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation."

This amendment prohibited the federal and state governments from imposing poll taxes before a citizen can participate in an election.  Before this amendment was proposed and ratified it was a way to exclude certain groups of people from voting.   


This cartoon is a depiction of the poll tax and how it stopped millions of people from being able to vote because they couldn't afford it.  


This image shows how many people were upset because the government tried to force people from their right to vote after various amendments of the Constitution had given citizens those rights.  



The Twenty Third Amendment

"Section 1.
The District constituting the seat of Government of the United States shall appoint  in such manner as the Congress may direct: A number of electors  of President and Vice President equal to the number of electors of President and Vice President equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a State, but in no event more than the least populous State; they shall be in addition to those appointed by the States, but they shall be considered, for the purposes of the election of President and Vice President, to be the electors appointed by a State; and they shall meet in the District and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article of amendment.
 
Section 2.
The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation."

This amended Article 2, Section 2 of the Constitution.  It gave the District of Columbia the same amount of electors as the smallest state in the Union, which currently means it has 3 electoral votes.  The district still does not have any actual congressman in the House or Senate.  


This comic is an illustration of how weird it seems that a District is allowed to have it's own electoral votes but not any one to represent it in the House and Senate.  


This is an image of a license plate in the District of Columbia, they are saying that it isn't very fair that they are taxed yet they are not allowed to be represented.  

The Twenty Second Amendment

"Section 1.
No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once.  But this Article shall not apply yo any person holding the office of President, when this Article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office of President, or acting as President, during the term within which this Article becomes operative from holding the office of President or acting as President during the remainder of such term. 

Section 2.
This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission to the States by the Congress."


This amendment had to do with the President’s limits on term.  This was initially suggested by Thomas Jefferson because without such a limit the presidency could last for a lifetime.  George Washington had also thought the same way and only served two terms because he didn't want to be seen as a king.  The only Presidents that ran for a third term were Ulysses S. Grant and F.D.R. and this was because people didn't like to change the President during a time of war because they wanted to keep the country unified.  


This Calvin and Hobbes comic is a funny way to look at the terms of the president, and in Calvin's case the terms that his father is in "office".  


This caricature of Obama and Clinton put a funny twist on how many have feelings of wanting to repeal the 22nd amendment.  I also think that Clinton wouldn't mind being a President again for a third term.

The Twenty First Amendment

"Section 1. 
The eighteenth article of amendment of the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed. 

Section 2.
The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.

Section 3.
This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by conventions in the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress."


This amendment repealed the eighteenth amendment because it was overall a bad idea.  The only real people that benefited from the eighteenth amendment was organized crime.  Franklin D. Roosevelt was the one that campaigned for the repeal during the Depression because he wanted to boost the economy and have Tax Revenues.  


This image just shows how excited that people were that the prohibition era had ended, and that people continue to "celebrate" the anniversary of this amendment.  


This image also shows how happy people were to get their alcohol back, and not only was it a happy time for them but a happy time for the boosting of the economy and to get back on our feet from the Great Depression.  

The Twentieth Amendment

"Section 1. 
The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3rd day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin.

Section 2.
The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3rd day of January, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.

Section 3. If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President, the President elect shall have died, the Vice President elect shall become President.  If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act a President until a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall have qualified. 

Section 4.
The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them. 

Section 5.
Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the ratification of this article. 

Section 6.
This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission."


This amendment has to do with changing the dates of inauguration and the terms of the President.  The inauguration used to be on March 4 and this is because back in the day people didn't have cars and were not able to move in and out of the White House fast enough.  Now the date of inauguration for legislation is January 3rd, and for the President it is January 20th.  



This image just shows how one president takes over for another by the way of the twentieth amendment.



This is a pretty fun video explaining the 20th amendment and the "Lame Duck" phase that Congress goes through.  


The Nineteenth Amendment

"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. 
Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation."

This amendment has to do with women’s suffrage.  A lot of the protesting and pushing for the right for women to be able to vote was in the 1920’s; which was 50 years after everyone else had the right to vote.  During that time period women were not considered anything more than property, but thanks to many women fighting for the right to vote and prove that men and women were equal, women are viewed differently. 

Although now-a-days, women are said to have the same rights as men, it still seems that we are seen differently.  This is why we are known as the 51% minority because that is still how many Americans see women.  

This amendment is especially important to me because it has to do with my rights as a woman and how unfair a lot of things were and are for women back then and now.  Although some things seem to be getting better I feel like women in general are seen as inferior to men.  Which is completely outrageous to think that many people still think this way in the 21st century.  


This image is of the women's suffrage movement and how many women campaigned for the right to vote.  It also shows how far women were willing to go to be allowed the same right as everyone else.  


I love this image of a woman with power.  It is a very iconic image just showing how strong women really are and that we can do anything when we put effort and our minds into it.  


The Eighteenth Amendment

"Section 1.
After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof beverage purposes is hereby prohibited. 

Section 2.
The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. 

Section 3.
This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of submission hereof to the States by the Congress."

This amendment has to do with the prohibition of alcohol.  It was amended to the Constitution because it was thought that getting rid of alcohol would put an end to the problem.  It also had a lot to do with taxes and the sixteenth amendment.  This amendment made it illegal to import or export any alcohol.  


This image shows how many people were against the prohibition of alcohol, and how willing people were to campaign and get it back.  


This image is just an article showing the date that all states ratified the prohibition of alcohol and how it was called a "momentous day in world's history" which I am guessing is because it was so outrageous.